Mughal patterns of India

Earlier this month we went to see The Great Mughals: Art, Architecture & Opulence exhibition at the V&A Museum in London. This covers the creative output of the Golden Years of the Mughal Court 1560-1660. It is on until 5th May 2025.

Highlights included intricate delicate floral paintings, metalwork with precious jewels, inlaid chests and brightly coloured textiles.

Our trip to northern Indian in January 2024 was a pattern designer’s dream. We feasted on Mughal design, a special blend of Indian, Persian and Islamic styles.

A fantastic site to see the expression of pattern design is Fatehpur Sikri. This was the capital of the Mughal Empire from 1571 but was abandoned by 1610. Look at the geometric and botanical patterns on two buildings within the palace complex, the Sultana’s House and the Kitchen.

Pomegranates, Sultana’s House.

Geometric patterns, Sultana’s House.

Fatehpur Sikri also has some impressive jali screens. These are pierced geometric stone screens which served as windows, with different sized holes depending on the orientation of the room. In summer, they kept out the sun but allowed ventilation. It was also a method of preserving the modesty of the women of the palace - they could see out but could not be seen.

A later and more famous expression of Mughal design is the Taj Mahal. Built in 1632 as a mausoleum for his wife Mumtaz Mahal by Emperor Shah Jahan, this white marble edifice is truly special. It sits within a complex of red sandstone gateways which are also impressive for their beautiful proportions and botanical patterns.

Marble inlaid and carved designs, Taj Mahal.

Carved florals on sandstone, Taj Mahal.